The 5 Whys

The “5 Whys” is a problem-solving technique to identify the root cause of a problem.  The 5 Whys helps teams to drill down into problems, and is often used in improving patient care, safety, and operational efficiency.  Taiichi Ohno, the father of the...

Target Setting

Setting aspirational yet realistic quality improvement targets can be difficult. There are a variety of targets, and your approach will vary depending on your organization’s current performance on an indicator, what benchmarks exist and assessment of what is feasible...

SMART Goals

After identifying a problem, the next step in any quality improvement process is to set a goal. Appropriate goals in quality improvement should conform to the acronym “SMART”: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Remember that a goal without a...

Measures of Improvement

Types of measures used in quality improvement: Structure Measures Process Measures Outcome Measures Balancing Measures Measures, or metrics, are an essential tool to evaluate current system performance, identify improvement opportunities, and evaluate the progress and...

Pareto Chart

The Pareto chart is a vertical bar chart that shows the frequencies at which various causes lead to an outcome. The chart was named after the Italian engineer and sociologist, Vilfredo Frederico Damaso Pareto, who used this type of chart in 19th century Italy, to...

Checklists

Checklists are cognitive aids used in medicine to ensure consistent performance of multi-step tasks.  They help practitioners complete each critical step in the proper order.  Often, their greatest value is found in tasks with high stress (emergency protocols), high...